How can ABO discrepancy be resolved?

In this situation, the discrepancy can be resolved by washing and re-suspending patient RBCs in saline, followed by repeat forward typing with anti-A and anti-B.

What are common technical errors resulting to ABO discrepancies?

Technical/Clerical errors leading to ABO discrepancy were noticed in 12 (9.3%) cases. The most frequent cause of ABO discrepancies in forward grouping was subgroups of A Antigen (44.6%) and in reverse grouping was cold autoantibody (23.9%). There were 11 (8.4%) cases with alloantibodies.

How do you reverse blood typing?

The patient’s serum is mixed with known red cells in a test tube. A specified number of drops of patient serum are placed into each of three properly labeled tubes. A specified number of drops of known A1 cells are added to the A tube, and a specified number of drops of known B cells are added to the B tube.

What is detected in ABO reverse typing?

The back/reverse type mixes an individual’s plasma with reagent RBCs positive for antigen A, and separate reagent RBCs positive for B antigen. The test also measures visual agglutination or lack of agglutination. Most ABO antibodies are immunoglobulin (Ig) M.

What causes false positive in ABO grouping?

If red blood cell suspensions are too concentrated, they can give weaker results due to the increase in the antigen/antibody ratio. In addition, red blood cells may fail to completely migrate to the bottom of the microtube and could cause a false positive interpretation.

What are the other names for ABO reverse typing?

In ABO grouping, the testing of the patient’s serum or plasma against, at minimum, A1 and B reagent RBCs (the process is also known as “serum grouping” or the slang term “back typing“).

What is the principle behind ABO blood grouping?

Principle: The ABO and Rh blood grouping system is based on agglutination reaction. When red blood cells carrying one or both the antigens are exposed to the corresponding antibodies they interact with each other to form visible agglutination or clumping.

When do you have an ABO discrepancy?

ABO discrepancies describe unexpected reactions in forward or reverse groupings Serum and RBC reactions are usually very strong (3+ or 4+) Weak reactions usually indicate an ABO discrepancy They are due to technical errors, problems with the patients RBCs, plasma or both

What causes an ABO blood group discrepancy?

ABO blood Group System: ABODiscrepancies: • ABO discrepancies happen when there is no match in results between forward and reverse grouping(Cell type and Back type). • Since production of ABO antigens is genetically controlled, they are less vulnerable toproblems than does the production ofABO antibodies.

Which is an ABO target disorder for orthodontics?

1. Overjet 2. Overbite 3. Anterior Open Bite 4. Lateral Open Bite 5. Crowding 6. Occlusal Relationship Target Disorders for Discrepancy Index 7. Lingual Posterior Crossbite 8. Buccal Posterior Crossbite 9. ANB Angle 10. SN-MP Angle 11. Lower Incisor to MP 12. Other Occlusal Relationship Position of the Models

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