What groups stabilize a carbocation?

Alkyl groups are electron donating and carbocation-stabilizing because the electrons around the neighboring carbons are drawn towards the nearby positive charge, thus slightly reducing the electron poverty of the positively-charged carbon.

What factors can stabilize a carbocation?

Carbocations Are Stabilized By Neighboring Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds. Carbocations adjacent to another carbon-carbon double or triple bond have special stability because overlap between the empty p orbital of the carbocation with the p orbitals of the π bond allows for charge to be shared between multiple atoms.

Do electron withdrawing groups stabilize Carbanions?

Electron-withdrawing substituents will inductively stabilize negative charge on nearby carbons. These effects are complex, since electronegative substituents interact with carbanions in other ways as well (e.g. O and F substituents have lone pairs, which tend to destabilize adjacent carbanion centers).

Do electron donating groups increase acidity?

The effect of electron donating groups on a phenol is to make it less acidic. However, if an electron withdrawing group on the ring can further delocalize the negative charge then the anion is more stable and the phenol more acidic.

How does electron donating group increase the stability of a cation?

Your explanation speaks of the carbocation formed in some resonance structures which has a double negative charge and a single positive charge. The electron donating group would increase the stability of that cation but there are two negative charges that aren’t stabilised but destabilised instead.

What happens to an electron withdrawing group in a carbocation?

Electron withdrawing groups: Just like an electron donating group adds negative electron density and stabilizes a carbocation, an electron withdrawing group (such as CN) will destabilize it by trying to suck electron density away from something that is already electron deficient. What happens to carbocations once they are formed?

How does a carbonyl group stabilize a carbocation?

Just as electron-donating groups can stabilize a carbocation, electron-withdrawing groups act to destabilize carbocations. Carbonyl groups are electron-withdrawing by inductive effects, due to the polarity of the C=O double bond.

Why are pi bonds sensitive to electron donating groups?

The reactivity of aromatic pi bonds in S E Ar reactions is very sensitive to the presence of electron-donating groups (EDG) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) on the aromatic ring. This is due to the carbocation nature of the intermediate, which is stabilized by electron-donating groups and destabilized by electron-withdrawing groups.

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