What is a piezoelectric element?

Piezoelectric elements have a unique characteristic whereby the element elongates or vibrates when an external voltage is applied, similar to how it generates electricity when external pressure is applied.

How does a piezoelectric element work?

A piezoelectric crystal is placed between two metal plates. Mechanical pressure is then applied to the material by the metal plates, which forces the electric charges within the crystal out of balance. Excess negative and positive charges appear on opposite sides of the crystal face.

What is the role of piezoelectric?

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The prefix piezo- is Greek for ‘press’ or ‘squeeze’.

What is an example of piezoelectric?

Some naturally piezoelectric occurring materials include Berlinite (structurally identical to quartz), cane sugar, quartz, Rochelle salt, topaz, tourmaline, and bone (dry bone exhibits some piezoelectric properties due to the apatite crystals, and the piezoelectric effect is generally thought to act as a biological …

How are piezoelectric elements used in Abaqus analysis?

Abaqus contains a complete two-way electrostatic Piezoelectric-Mechanical simulation capability allowing electric flow to cause straining in the material (and shape change) and also allowing stress to cause electric potential change. Piezoelectric elements can be used in general analysis steps,…

What is the electric potential of a piezoelectric element?

Piezoelectric elements must be used in a piezoelectric analysis (see Choosing the appropriate element for an analysis type ). The electric potential, φ φ , is degree of freedom 9 at each node of these elements.

How is eigenfrequency used in a piezoelectric analysis?

In an eigenfrequency extraction step ( Natural frequency extraction ) involving piezoelectric elements, the electric potential degree of freedom must be constrained at least at one node to remove singularities from the dielectric part of the element operator. Both mechanical and electrical loads can be applied in a piezoelectric analysis.

What are the initial conditions for piezoelectric analysis?

Piezoelectric analysis can be carried out with the following procedures: Initial conditions of piezoelectric quantities cannot be specified. See Initial conditions in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit for a description of the initial conditions that can be applied in static or dynamic procedures.