What is Erythrocytic phase?

After this initial replication in the liver (exo-erythrocytic schizogony ), the parasites undergo asexual multiplication in the erythrocytes (erythrocytic schizogony ). Merozoites infect red blood cells . The ring stage trophozoites mature into schizonts, which rupture releasing merozoites .

What are the stages of Erythrocytic Schizogony?

Upon release, the merozoites invade the red blood cells where they undergo another asexual cycle called erythrocytic schizogony. This is also known as the erythrocytic cycle. During this stage the merozoites develop to form immature or ring stage trophozoites which then progress to mature trophozoites.

What is pre-erythrocytic stage in malaria?

Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines target Plasmodium during its sporozoite and liver stages, and can prevent progression to blood-stage disease, which causes a million deaths each year. Whole organism sporozoite vaccines induce sterile immunity in animals and humans and guide subunit vaccine development.

Which is part of the exo-erythrocytic cycle?

The macro-metacryptomerozoites attack fresh liver cells and continue the exo-erythrocytic cycle. * secondary exo-erythrocytic schizogony, which occurs in P.vivax and P.ovale characteristically is absent in P.falciparum and a true relapse in absent in P.falciparum infection because of the absence of hypnozoites (the stage responsible for relapse).

Is the exoerythrocytic phase pathogenic or non pathogenic?

The exoerythrocytic phase is not pathogenic and does not produce symptoms or signs of the disease. Its duration is not the same for all parasite species. Merozoites released into the blood stream, are directed towards their second target, the red blood cells (RBCs).

Where do sporozoites go during the exoerythrocytic stage?

Although sporozoites rapidly transit to the liver, some can activate dendritic cells at the site of inoculation or in the regional lymph node.8 An IL-12 and IFN-γ-dependent pathway of innate resistance to exoerythrocytic stages of murine malaria has been identified. NK cells are probably the source of the IFN-γ.

How long is the exoerythrocytic stage of the Mosquito?

In the exoerythrocytic stage, sporozoites from the mosquito’s saliva asexually multiply for about 7–28 days in liver cells before differentiating into invasive merozoites which enter the bloodstream to initiate the erythrocytic phase.