Is cyclodextrin soluble in water?

Cyclodextrins are soluble in water and insoluble in most organic solvents (Table 22.2). Solubility increases as the temperature increases. Beta-cyclodextrin is the least soluble cyclodextrin in water.

How does cyclodextrin increase solubility?

The polar exterior of the cyclodextrin forms hydrogen bonds with the aqueous solution. Hydrophobic molecules the size of one or two benzene rings can fit into the cyclodextrin cavity. The cyclodextrins in the complex increase the aqueous solubility of the guest mol- ecule, often a drug.

How is cyclodextrin administered?

When administered orally, cyclodextrins are not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and thus are practically nontoxic. Most of the hydrophilic derivatives of natural cyclodextrins like 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and sulphobutylether-β-cyclodextrin are considered safe for parenteral administration.

Which pair of cyclodextrin is most useful for pharmaceutical technology?

Currently, in pharmaceutical formulations field, β-CD is the most common CD, and therefore, perhaps the best studied CD in humans.

Why are cyclodextrin complexes of limited solubility?

The natural cyclodextrins, in particular β-cyclodextrin, are of limited aqueous solubility meaning that complexes resulting from interaction of lipophiles with these cyclodextrin can be of limited solubility resulting in precipitation of solid cyclodextrin complexes from water and other aqueous systems.

How are cyclodextrins used in the pharmaceutical industry?

In the pharmaceutical industry, cyclodextrins have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, and to increase their bioavailability and stability.

Are there any cyclodextrins that are not toxic?

Cyclodextrins are both large (MW ranging from almost 1000 to over 2000 Daltons) and hydrophilic with a significant number of H-donors and acceptors and, thus, are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in their intact form. Hydrophilic cyclodextrins are considered non-toxic at low to moderate oral dosages.

Can a cyclodextrin be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?

Cyclodextrins are both large (mole- cule weight from almost 1000 to over 2000 Da) and hydrophilic, with a significant number of hydrogen donors and acceptors; therefore, they cannot be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in their intact form. Hydrophilic cyclodextrins are considered nontoxic at low to moderate oral dosages. Aqueous