What is a copper complex?

Copper complexes are catalysts of a variety of biological and industrial processes, especially redox processes. Cu(I) complexes are key intermediates in most of these processes. The factors affecting the effects of ligands on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions involving Cu(I) complexes are discussed.

What are copper II complexes?

Copper(II) complexes play an important role in the active sites of a large number of metalloproteins in biological systems and potential application for numerous catalytic processes in living organisms that involve electron transfer reactions or activation of some antitumor substances [1].

What is Copper and Copper II?

In solid compounds, copper(I) is often the more stable state at moderate temperatures. The copper(II) ion is usually the more stable state in aqueous solutions. Compounds of this ion, often called cupric compounds, are usually coloured. The +2 ion often shows distorted tetrahedral geometry.

What is the geometry of copper?

Cu(I) is a d10, closed shell ion, and since the most common coordination geometry is four, the preferred complex geometry will be tetrahedral. On the other hand Cu(II), with a d9 configuration, has square planar or octahedral geometry.

What is copper complex?

Old Copper Complex is a term used for ancient Native North American societies known to have been heavily involved in the utilization of copper for weaponry and tools. The evidence of smelting or alloying that has been found is subject to some dispute and a common assumption by archaeologists is that objects were cold-worked into shape.

What is the reaction between copper and ammonia?

Ammonia. The attack takes the form of a reaction between ammonia and copper to form the cuprammonium ion, formula [Cu(NH 3) 4] 2+, a chemical complex which is water-soluble, and hence washed from the growing cracks. The problem of cracking can therefore also occur in copper and any other copper alloy, such as bronze.

What is copper ammonia complex?

Copper-Ammonia Complex. When concentrated ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide) is added to a clear, light blue, aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride, a powdery, light blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide forms. Further addition of ammonia causes the copper ion to go back into solution as a deep blue ammonia complex.