What might happen if type II alveolar cells could not function properly?

The lungs of premature infants, however, have not developed enough alveoli or Type II alveolar cells to produce the amount of surfactant needed to breathe properly. While respiratory distress syndrome usually affects premature infants, in rare cases the syndrome can also affect full-term infants.

Can type 2 alveolar cells regenerate?

Previous research has shown that type II alveolar pneumocytes (AT2) contribute to alveolar epithelial regeneration, both through self-renewal and transdifferentiation into type I alveolar pneumocytes (AT1), which facilitate gas exchange between the alveoli and nearby capillaries.

What do alveolar type 2 cells do?

Four major functions have been attributed to alveolar type II cells: (1) synthesis and secretion of surfactant; (2) xenobiotic metabolism; (3) transepithelial movement of water; and (4) regeneration of the alveolar epithelium following lung injury.

What are alveolar type 2 cells called?

type II pneumocytes
Type II cells, also called type II pneumocytes or type II alveolar cells, release pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension, and can also differentiate to replace damaged type I cells.

Why are alveolar type 2 cells more resistant to damage?

Alveolar type II epithelial cells play the critical roles of producing surfactant, moving water out of the airspaces, and regenerating alveolar epithelium. The alveolar type II epithelial cells are more resistant to damage, so after an insult to the alveoli, most of the damage will occur to the alveolar type I epithelial cells.

Where are Type II alveolar cells found in the lung?

Type II cells are also capable of cellular division, giving rise to more type I and II alveolar cells when the lung tissue is damaged. These cells are granular and roughly cuboidal. Type II alveolar cells are typically found at the blood-air barrier.

What is the proliferative phase of diffuse alveolar damage?

Proliferative/Organizing Phase (1–3 weeks): This phase is characterized by recovery. The epithelial lining is repopulated with alveolar type II epithelial cells which will eventually differentiate into alveolar type I epithelial cells.

Are there any diseases that affect the alveoli?

Lung disease has many types, all of which affect your breathing. Here are some common lung diseases: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway obstruction from damaged alveoli walls. Asthma. Inflammation narrows your airways and blocks them. COPD.