What is the synonym of examined?

Some common synonyms of examine are inspect, scan, and scrutinize. While all these words mean “to look at or over,” examine suggests a scrutiny in order to determine the nature, condition, or quality of a thing.

What does the term phrenology refers to?

Phrenology, the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and traits of character, especially according to the hypotheses of Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828), a German doctor, and such 19th-century adherents as Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776–1832) and George Combe (1788–1858).

What is Gall’s phrenology?

Based on his early observations about the skull sizes and facial features of his classmates, Gall developed the theory of Organology and the method of Cranioscopy that would later be known as Phrenology. Gall’s version of Organology states that the mind is a collection of independent entities housed within the brain.

How did Pierre Flourens contribute to the field of brain function?

Flourens was a founder of the field theory of brain function. His experiments were systematic; his observations always repeated; and were made on a number of subjects. Using the methods of extirpation and stimulation he was the first to show experimentally that different parts of the nervous system have different functions.

When did Franz Joseph Gall start studying phrenology?

1796: Franz-Joseph Gall begins lecturing on phrenology, holding that mental faculties are localized in specific brain regions (of which 19 are shared with animals and 8 are exclusive to humans) 1824: Pierre Flourens’ “Phrenology Examined” discredits Gall

What did Flourens discover about the brain of a pigeon?

Through a series of crude ablation experiments on the brains of pigeons and lower vertebrates (1822-1824), Flourens determined the presence of a motor centre in the medulla oblongata and coordination in the cerebellum.

Why did Pierre Flourens want to do ablation?

Flourens developed ablation as a procedure to explore the workings of the brain and to test Gall’s assertions. He attempted to localize certain functions by removing anatomically defined areas of the brain of an animal and observing its behaviour.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=456UrBX_Lyk