What is the role of an adaptor protein in vesicle formation?

The AP (adaptor protein) complexes are heterotetrameric protein complexes that mediate intracellular membrane trafficking along endocytic and secretory transport pathways. They recognize and concentrate cargo proteins into vesicular carriers that mediate transport from a donor membrane to a target organellar membrane.

What do adaptor proteins do?

Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. By linking specific proteins together, cellular signals can be propagated that elicit an appropriate response from the cell to the environment.

What is adaptor protein with example?

These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves, instead mediating specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MYD88, Grb2 and SHC1.

How are adaptor proteins recruited?

Dynamin is recruited to CCPs via the interaction of its proline/arginine-rich domain with the SH3 domain of amphiphysin (Hill et al., 2001). It mediates constriction of the neck between budding vesicles and the PM by forming spiral rings around the neck, resulting in vesicle fission.

What is the role of adaptor proteins in cell biology?

Adaptor proteins contain a series of protein-binding sites that link respective interaction partners to each other and facilitate the generation of larger signaling complexes ( 1 ). This is, for example, pivotal for the delivery of signals from the T cell receptor (TCR) which plays a critical role in T cell biology ( 2 ).

How are adaptor proteins used in NKT cells?

Adaptor proteins influence NKT cell biology through the integration of TCR, NKR and/or SLAM (signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule) receptor signals or the variation of CD1d-restricted antigen presentation.

Where does the clathrin adaptor protein 2 ( AP2 ) bind?

The clathrin adaptor protein 2 complex (AP2) is composed of four different cytosolic proteins that bind to specific lipids and proteins at the plasma membrane and to clathrin, thus initiating clathrin assembly at distinct sites along the cell surface.

Why is nef a clathrin adaptor protein?

Because AP-1 is a clathrin adaptor protein that acted at the TGN and because Nef had been reported to interact with AP-1, it was hypothesized that Nef might disrupt post-TGN transport of MHC-I by promoting an interaction between MHC-I and AP-1.