How does DIC affect pH?

As a result, the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the near surface ocean increases, which drives a decrease in pH in order to maintain a chemical equilibrium. These changes have complex direct and indirect impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems (Gattuso and Hansson, 2011).

Why does DIC increase with depth?

DIC increases with depth as organic carbon particles sink and are respired. Free oxygen decreases as DIC increases because oxygen is consumed during aerobic respiration. Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) is the other form of inorganic carbon found in the ocean.

What is DIC in water?

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) refers to the total amount of CO2, HCO3− plus CO32− in sea water, while the partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2) measures the contribution of CO2 to total gas pressure.

Which is the major contributor of DIC to oceans?

The burning of fossil fuels and production of cement have changed the balance of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and oceans, causing acidification of the oceans. Climate change, a result of excess CO2 in the atmosphere, has increased the temperature of the ocean and atmosphere (global warming).

What does the term substrate concentration mean in chemistry?

The term “substrate concentration ” is used to describe the number of substrate molecules in a solution. It is one of the factors that affects the rate of reactions, and can be a limiting factor for them. Enzymes are highly specific, which means that they usually only act on one substrate.

What happens when substrate concentration is low in a culture?

On the other hand, the use of low influent substrate concentrations can also result in the selection of cultures with poor PHA storage performance due to the rate-limiting concentration of carbon substrate.

What happens when NAD ( P ) H is the second substrate?

However, if NAD (P)H is the second substrate, the degree to which its concentration can be increased is limited by its high absorbance. On the basis of experience, relatively large quantities of enzyme are used with relatively little substrate, so that the reaction proceeds rapidly to completion.

How does substrate concentration affect the catalytic rate?

In this case, substrates are competing for the active site or enzyme. Depending on the molecular structure of the enzyme, the catalytic rate can be influenced by the substrate concentration in different ways. Enzymes are specific, and the active site can accommodate only one specific substrate molecule.