Does benzene have free electrons?

Lower excited electronic levels of benzene are calculated by assuming 71 electrons to move freely in a ring whose perimeter is equal to that of the benzene molecule. On the contrary the free-electron model does not include such difficult integrals.

What is free electron model in chemistry?

A free electron model is the simplest way to represent the electronic structure of metals. According to this model, the valence electrons of the constituent atoms of the crystal become conduction electrons and travel freely throughout the crystal.

How do you calculate free energy of an electron?

The free electron kinetic energy of Equation (1.37) is obtained from the plane wave solution φ = e−ik.r of the Schrödinger equation, (1.45) with the potential V(r) set equal to zero. When a potential, such as that shown in Fig.

How are the electrons in benzene delocalized one?

We can check this against the compounds we have considered so far: Benzene has 6 pi electrons (two for each pi bond) which is the number we get from 4n + 2 if n = 1. Cyclooctatetraene has 8 pi electrons, and there is no integer “n” which will make 4n + 2 = 8.

What is the π bonding configuration of benzene?

Each of the carbons in benzene contributes one electron to the π -bonding framework (Figure 10.7. 3 ). This means that all bonding molecular orbitals are fully occupied and benzene then has an electron configuration of π 1 2 π 2 2 π 3 2 .

When do aromatic characteristics of benzene are expected?

After considerable development of the underlying theory, the pattern which has emerged is that aromatic characteristics are only expected when there is a ring of pi electrons in which the number of pi electrons is equal to 4n + 2 (where n is an integer, 0, 1, 2, etc.).

How is benzene confirmed to be a flat molecule?

For this to happen, of course, the ring must be planar – otherwise the 2 pz orbitals could not overlap properly. Benzene was experimentally confirmed to be flat molecule by Dame Kathleen Londsale with X-ray crystallography.